Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Research Report, Competitive, Technology and Forecast Analysis 2025-2032

Research Summary

Low temperature and cryogenic valves are specialized components designed to operate efficiently in extremely cold environments, typically ranging from -50°C to cryogenic temperatures as low as -196°C. These valves are used to control the flow of cryogenic fluids such as liquid nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, LNG (liquefied natural gas), and helium, which are essential in industries like aerospace, healthcare, energy, and research. Constructed from materials with excellent thermal and mechanical properties, such as stainless steel, these valves are engineered to maintain a tight seal and reliable performance despite the extreme temperature variations. Features like extended bonnets, low thermal conductivity, and specific insulation designs prevent operational issues like frost formation or thermal expansion. Low temperature and cryogenic valves play a critical role in ensuring safety, efficiency, and precision in applications involving cryogenic processes, transportation, and storage.

According to DIResearch's in-depth investigation and research, the global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves market size was valued at XX Million USD in 2024 and is projected to reach XX Million USD by 2032, with a CAGR of XX% (2025-2032). Notably, the China market has changed rapidly in the past few years. By 2024, China's market size is expected to be XX Million USD, representing approximately XX% of the global market share. By 2032, it is anticipated to grow further to XX Million USD, contributing XX% to the worldwide market share.

The major global  manufacturers of Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves include Kitz, Parker Bestobell, Herose, Emerson, Velan, Neway valve, Flowserve, Samson, IMI, Bray, KSB, Baker Hughes, Baitu Valve, CHAODA Valve Group, Powell Valves, Zhangjiagang Furui Valve, Habonim Valve Solutions, Liangjing Valve, Jiangsu Shentong, Valco Group, Shanghai Koko Valves, Shanghai Kaigong Valve, Kist Valve Group, Danyang Feilun Gas Valve, Zhejiang Petrochemical Valve, etc. The global players competition landscape in this report is divided into three tiers. The first tier comprises global leading enterprises that command a substantial market share, hold a dominant industry position, possess strong competitiveness and influence, and generate significant revenue. The second tier includes companies with a notable market presence and reputation; these firms actively follow industry leaders in product, service, or technological innovation and maintain a moderate revenue scale. The third tier consists of smaller companies with limited market share and lower brand recognition, primarily focused on local markets and generating comparatively lower revenue.

This report studies the market size, price trends and future development prospects of Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves. Focus on analysing the market share, product portfolio, prices, sales, revenue and gross profit margin of global major manufacturers, as well as the market status and trends of different product types and applications in the global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves market. The report data covers historical data from 2020 to 2024, based year in 2025 and forecast data from 2026 to 2032.

The regions and countries in the report include US, Germany, Japan, China, France, UK, South Korea, Canada, Italy, Russia, Mexico, Brazil, India, Vietnam, Thailand, South Africa and other regions, covering the Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves market conditions and future development trends of key regions and countries, combined with industry-related policies and the latest technological developments, analyze the development characteristics of Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves industries in various regions and countries, help companies understand the development characteristics of each region, help companies formulate business strategies, and achieve the ultimate goal of the company's global development strategy.    

The data sources of this report mainly include the National Bureau of Statistics, customs databases, industry associations, corporate financial reports, third-party databases, etc. Among them, macroeconomic data mainly comes from the National Bureau of Statistics, International Economic Research Organization; industry statistical data mainly come from industry associations; company data mainly comes from interviews, public information collection, third-party reliable databases, and price data mainly comes from various markets monitoring database.

Global Key Manufacturers of Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Include:

Kitz

Parker Bestobell

Herose

Emerson

Velan

Neway valve

Flowserve

Samson

IMI

Bray

KSB

Baker Hughes

Baitu Valve

CHAODA Valve Group

Powell Valves

Zhangjiagang Furui Valve

Habonim Valve Solutions

Liangjing Valve

Jiangsu Shentong

Valco Group

Shanghai Koko Valves

Shanghai Kaigong Valve

Kist Valve Group

Danyang Feilun Gas Valve

Zhejiang Petrochemical Valve

Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Segment Include:

Gate Valve

Globe Valve

Check Valve

Ball Valve

Others

Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Application Include:

Petroleum and Chemical

Industrial Gas

Food

Medical

Others

Chapter Scope

Chapter 1: Product Research Range, Product Types and Applications, Market Overview, Market Situation and Trend

Chapter 2: Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Industry PESTEL Analysis

Chapter 3: Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Industry Porter's Five Forces Analysis

Chapter 4: Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Major Regional Market Size (Sales, Revenue, Price) and Forecast Analysis

Chapter 5: Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Competitive Analysis of Key Manufacturers (Sales, Revenue, Market Share, Price, Regional Distribution and Industry Concentration)

Chapter 6: Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Sales, Revenue, Price and Forecast by Product Type

Chapter 7: Key Company Profiles (Product Portfolio, Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin)

Chapter 8: Industrial Chain Analysis, Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Different Application Market Analysis (Sales and Revenue), Sales Channel Analysis

Chapter 9: Research Findings and Conclusion

Chapter 10: Methodology and Data Sources

Table 1： Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Industry Development Status

Table 2： Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Industry Development Trends

Table 3： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue and Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (US$ Million)

Table 4： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue by Country (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 5： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue Market Share by Country (2020-2025)

Table 6： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue Forecast by Country (2026-2032) & (US$ Million)

Table 7： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue Market Share Forecast by Country (2026-2032)

Table 8： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032  (K Units)

Table 9： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales by Country (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 10： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales Market Share by Country (2020-2025)

Table 11： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales Forecast by Country (2026-2032) & (K Units)

Table 12： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Market Share Forecast by Country (2026-2032)

Table 13： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025) & (K Units)

Table 14： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Sales Market Share by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025)

Table 15： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 16： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue Market Share by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025)

Table 17： Global Average Sales Price by Manufacturers (2021-2025) & (USD/Unit)

Table 18： Global Key Manufacturers Headquarter and Key Area Sales

Table 19： Market Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

Table 20： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Size Analysis by Type: 2024 & 2025 & 2032 (US$ Million)

Table 21： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue Analysis by Type (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 22： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue Forecast Analysis by Type (2026-2032) & (US$ Million)

Table 23： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Sales Analysis by Type (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 24： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Sales Forecast Analysis by Type (2026-2032) & (K Units)

Table 25： Kitz Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 26： Kitz Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 27： Kitz Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 28： Parker Bestobell Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 29： Parker Bestobell Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 30： Parker Bestobell Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 31： Herose Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 32： Herose Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 33： Herose Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 34： Emerson Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 35： Emerson Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 36： Emerson Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 37： Velan Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 38： Velan Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 39： Velan Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 40： Neway valve Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 41： Neway valve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 42： Neway valve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 43： Flowserve Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 44： Flowserve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 45： Flowserve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 46： Samson Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 47： Samson Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 48： Samson Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 49： IMI Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 50： IMI Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 51： IMI Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 52： Bray Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 53： Bray Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 54： Bray Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 55： KSB Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 56： KSB Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 57： KSB Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 58： Baker Hughes Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 59： Baker Hughes Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 60： Baker Hughes Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 61： Baitu Valve Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 62： Baitu Valve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 63： Baitu Valve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 64： CHAODA Valve Group Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 65： CHAODA Valve Group Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 66： CHAODA Valve Group Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 67： Powell Valves Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 68： Powell Valves Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 69： Powell Valves Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 70： Zhangjiagang Furui Valve Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 71： Zhangjiagang Furui Valve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 72： Zhangjiagang Furui Valve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 73： Habonim Valve Solutions Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 74： Habonim Valve Solutions Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 75： Habonim Valve Solutions Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 76： Liangjing Valve Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 77： Liangjing Valve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 78： Liangjing Valve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 79： Jiangsu Shentong Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 80： Jiangsu Shentong Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 81： Jiangsu Shentong Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 82： Valco Group Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 83： Valco Group Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 84： Valco Group Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 85： Shanghai Koko Valves Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 86： Shanghai Koko Valves Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 87： Shanghai Koko Valves Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 88： Shanghai Kaigong Valve Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 89： Shanghai Kaigong Valve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 90： Shanghai Kaigong Valve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 91： Kist Valve Group Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 92： Kist Valve Group Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 93： Kist Valve Group Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 94： Danyang Feilun Gas Valve Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 95： Danyang Feilun Gas Valve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 96： Danyang Feilun Gas Valve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 97： Zhejiang Petrochemical Valve Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)

Table 98： Zhejiang Petrochemical Valve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Portfolio

Table 99： Zhejiang Petrochemical Valve Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue (US$ Million), Sales (K Units), Price (USD/Unit), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2025)

Table 100： Upstream Key Raw Material Price List

Table 101： Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Raw Material Suppliers and Contact Information

Table 102： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue Market Size and Growth Rate (CAGR) by Application: 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 & (US$ Million)

Table 103： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue Analysis by Application (2020-2025) & (US$ Million)

Table 104： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue Forecast Analysis by Application (2026-2032) & (US$ Million)

Table 105： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Sales Analysis by Application (2020-2025) & (K Units)

Table 106： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Sales Forecast Analysis by Application (2026-2032) & (K Units)

Table 107： Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Typical Customer List

Table 108： Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Distributors List

Figure 1： Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Product Pictures

Figure 2： Gate Valve Picture Scope

Figure 3： Globe Valve Picture Scope

Figure 4： Check Valve Picture Scope

Figure 5： Ball Valve Picture Scope

Figure 6： Others Picture Scope

Figure 7： Petroleum and Chemical Picture Scope

Figure 8： Industrial Gas Picture Scope

Figure 9： Food Picture Scope

Figure 10： Medical Picture Scope

Figure 11： Others Picture Scope

Figure 12： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Size Analysis：2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (US$ Million)

Figure 13： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 14： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032) &（K Units）

Figure 15： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Size by Country: 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032 (US$ Million)

Figure 16： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue Market Share by Country in 2024

Figure 17： United States Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 18： United States Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 19： Germany Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 20： Germany Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 21： Japan Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 22： Japan Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 23： China Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 24： China Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 25： France Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 26： France Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 27： U.K. Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 28： U.K. Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 29： South Korea Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 30： South Korea Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 31： Canada Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 32： Canada Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 33： Italy Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 34： Italy Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 35： Russia Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 36： Russia Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 37： Mexico Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 38： Mexico Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 39： Brazil Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 40： Brazil Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 41： India Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 42： India Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 43： Vietnam Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 44： Vietnam Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 45： Thailand Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 46： Thailand Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 47： South Africa Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (K Units)

Figure 48： South Africa Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2032) & (US$ Million)

Figure 49： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Sales Market Share by Key Manufacturers in 2024

Figure 50： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue Market Share by Key Manufacturers in 2024

Figure 51： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Industry Competition Landscape

Figure 52： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Size by Type 2020-2032 (US$ Million)

Figure 53： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Market Share by Type: 2025 & 2032

Figure 54： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Sales Price Trend Analysis by Different Type (2020-2032) & (USD/Unit)

Figure 55： Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Industry Chain Analysis

Figure 56： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Revenue Market Share by Application (2020-2032)

Figure 57： Global Low Temperature and Cryogenic Valves Sales Market Share by Application (2020-2032)

Figure 58： Key Interview Objectives

Figure 59： Bottom-Up and Top-Down Research Methods